Piles: A Comprehensive Guide to Causes And Treatment

Piles: A Comprehensive Guide to Causes, Treatment, and Living a Normal Life

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are one of the most common health issues people face today. Despite how widespread this condition is, many people hesitate to talk about it due to its uncomfortable nature. However, piles can be managed and treated effectively. In this article, we will provide a detailed exploration of piles, addressing important questions such as:

What is the cause of piles?
What should I do if I have piles?
How can you tell if you've got piles?
Can I live a normal life with piles?

By the end of this article, you'll have a clear understanding of the condition, its causes, symptoms, and how to effectively manage it to live a normal life.

Table of Contents

What Are Piles?
What Is the Cause of Piles?
How Can You Tell if You’ve Got Piles?
What Should I Do If I Have Piles?
Types of Piles
Treatment Options for Piles
Can I Live a Normal Life with Piles?
Preventing Piles
Diet and Lifestyle Tips for Managing Piles
When Should You See a Doctor?
Myths and Facts About Piles
Conclusion

A. What Are Piles?

Piles (or hemorrhoids) refer to swollen veins in the lower part of your rectum and anus. Similar to varicose veins, they can appear either internally (inside the rectum) or externally (under the skin around the anus). While they can be uncomfortable and painful, they are rarely life-threatening and can usually be managed with appropriate care.

Hemorrhoids are common among adults, and their prevalence increases with age. It is estimated that at least half of people over the age of 50 will experience hemorrhoids at some point in their life.

B. What Is the Cause of Piles?

There is no single cause of piles, but several factors can contribute to their development. The main causes include:

1. Straining during Bowel Movements

One of the most common causes of piles is straining during bowel movements. This may happen due to chronic constipation or diarrhea, both of which put added pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus.

2. Prolonged Sitting

Sitting for long periods of time, especially on the toilet, can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids. When you sit, gravity causes blood to pool in the veins around your anus, which can lead to swelling.

3. Pregnancy

Pregnancy is another leading cause of piles, as the growing uterus puts pressure on the veins in the lower abdomen. Hormonal changes during pregnancy also contribute to the relaxation of the veins, making it easier for hemorrhoids to form.

4. Obesity

Being overweight increases pressure on the pelvic veins, which can cause the veins in the anus and rectum to swell.

5. Low-Fiber Diet

A diet lacking in fiber can lead to constipation, which in turn increases the likelihood of straining during bowel movements—a major cause of hemorrhoids.

6. Aging

As we age, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus weaken, making it easier for piles to develop.

7. Chronic coughing or sniffing

Any condition that puts continuous strain on the pelvic and abdominal region, such as chronic coughing or sneezing, can increase the risk of developing piles.

C. How Can You Tell if You’ve Got Piles?

The symptoms of piles can vary depending on whether they are internal or external. Here’s how you can tell if you’ve got piles:

Common Symptoms of Internal Piles:

Painless Bleeding During Bowel Movements: This is often the first sign of internal hemorrhoids. You may notice bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.
Discomfort or Irritation: You may feel discomfort or itching in the anal region, especially if the piles protrude through the anus (prolapsed hemorrhoids).
Mucus Discharge: Some people with internal piles experience mucus discharge along with bowel movements.

Common Symptoms of External Piles:

Pain and discomfort: External hemorrhoids are often more painful than internal piles because the skin around the anus is more sensitive.
Swelling Around the Anus: You may notice swelling or lumps around the anus, which can cause discomfort when sitting or moving.
Bleeding: External piles can also cause bleeding, especially if the area becomes irritated or ruptured.
Thrombosed Hemorrhoids: In severe cases, blood can pool in an external hemorrhoid and form a clot, causing severe pain, swelling, and a hard lump near the anus.

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially if there is rectal bleeding, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other potential causes, such as anal fissures or colorectal issues.

D. What Should I Do If I Have Piles?

If you suspect you have piles, there are several steps you can take to relieve your symptoms and manage the condition:

1. Increase Fiber Intake

Consuming more fiber can help soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements. Foods high in fiber include:

Whole grains (brown rice, oats, quinoa)
Fresh fruits and vegetables (especially leafy greens, carrots, and apples)
Legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas)
Nuts and seeds

2. Drink Plenty of Water

Staying hydrated is key to preventing constipation. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day, more if you're physically active.

3. Use Over-the-Counter Hemorrhoid Creams or Suppositories

There are several over-the-counter (OTC) treatments available for piles, such as creams, ointments, and suppositories that contain hydrocortisone or witch hazel. These can help reduce inflammation, soothe discomfort, and relieve itching.

4. Warm Sitz Baths

Soaking in a warm bath several times a day can relieve discomfort. A sitz bath, which involves sitting in a shallow tub of warm water, is particularly effective for soothing swollen tissues.

5. Avoid Straining

Straining during bowel movements can exacerbate piles. If you're having difficulty passing stools, try not to force it. Instead, use a stool softener or bulk-forming laxative to ease the process.

6. Avoid Sitting for Long Periods

If your job requires long periods of sitting, take regular breaks to stand up and walk around. Sitting on a cushion can also relieve pressure on the rectal area.
7. Apply cold compresses

For external hemorrhoids, applying cold compresses can help reduce swelling and discomfort.

E. Types of Piles

Hemorrhoids are classified into two main categories: internal and external piles.
Internal Hemorrhoids

These occur inside the rectum and are usually painless. However, they can bleed during bowel movements and may prolapse or protrude from the anus.
External Hemorrhoids

These are located under the skin around the anus. They can cause significant pain, swelling, and discomfort, especially if they become thrombosed (develop a blood clot).

F. Treatment Options for Piles

While home remedies and lifestyle changes can provide relief for many, some cases of piles may require more advanced treatment. Options include:
1. Rubber Band Ligation

In this procedure, the doctor places a rubber band around the base of an internal hemorrhoids, cutting off its blood supply. The hemorrhoids will eventually shrivel and fall off within a few days.
2. Sclerotherapy

Sclerotherapy involves injecting a chemical solution into the hemorrhoid, causing it to shrink and eventually disappear.
3. Infrared Coagulation (IRC)

This minimally invasive treatment uses infrared light to cut off the blood supply to the hemorrhoids, leading to its eventual collapse.
4. Hemorrhoidectomy

In more severe cases, a hemorrhoidsectomy may be necessary. This surgical procedure removes the hemorrhoid completely. It is usually reserved for cases where other treatments have failed or the piles are particularly large.
5. Hemorrhoidopexy (Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy)

This procedure involves stapling the hemorrhoid back into place inside the rectum, cutting off its blood supply. It is generally less painful than a traditional hemorrhoidsectomy.

G. Can I Live a Normal Life with Piles?

The short answer is yes. Many people who experience piles can live a normal, healthy life with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments. While piles can be uncomfortable, they are rarely life-threatening, and most cases can be managed with conservative treatment.

Here’s how you can live a normal life even with piles:

1. Manage symptoms with lifestyle changes

By incorporating high-fiber foods, staying hydrated, and avoiding long periods of sitting or standing, you can prevent flare-ups and reduce the frequency of symptoms.

2. Practice good bathroom habits.

Avoid straining during bowel movements, use a footstool to elevate your feet while on the toilet, and don’t sit on the toilet for prolonged periods.

3. Regular physical activity

Exercise can help prevent constipation and promote healthy digestion. It also improves circulation, which can reduce pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus.

4. Mental and emotional wellness

Piles, especially chronic or severe cases, can sometimes lead to stress or embarrassment. Remember that this is a common condition, and there is no need to feel ashamed. Open communication with a healthcare provider and proper self-care can improve your overall quality of life.

H. Preventing Piles

Prevention is always better than cure, and fortunately, there are several ways you can reduce your risk of developing piles:

1. Maintain a high-fiber diet

Eating a diet rich in fiber helps prevent constipation and reduce straining during bowel movements, which are major risk factors for piles.

2. Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water keeps your stools soft and easier to pass.

3. Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity helps keep your bowels moving and reduces pressure on the veins in your rectum and anus.

4. Avoid Sitting for Long Periods

Prolonged sitting can put pressure on the rectal veins. If your job involves sitting for long hours, take frequent breaks to stand up and move around.

5. Don’t delay bowel movements.

When you feel the urge to have abowel movement, don’t delay. Holding it in can lead to constipation and straining, both of which can contribute to piles.

I. Diet and Lifestyle Tips for Managing Piles

If you're living with piles, there are several dietary and lifestyle changes that can make a big difference in managing your symptoms and preventing future flare-ups.

1. Focus on Fiber

Add more fiber to your diet by eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. This helps ensure that your stools stay soft and easy to pass.

2. Stay Active

Regular exercise helps prevent constipation, which is a major contributor to piles. Even moderate activity like walking can have a significant impact on digestive health.

3. Stay Hydrated

Drink plenty of fluids to help your body process fiber more efficiently.

4. Avoid heavy lifting.

If you have to lift heavy objects, be sure to use proper form and avoid straining your abdominal muscles, as this can increase pressure on the rectal veins.

5. Don’t Sit for Too Long.

Take breaks from sitting, especially if you are sitting for extended periods at work.

J. When Should You See a Doctor?

While many cases of piles can be managed with home treatment, there are times when it’s important to seek medical advice. You should see a doctor if:

You experience severe pain, bleeding, or discomfort that doesn’t improve with home treatments.
You notice large lumps or significant swelling around the anus.
There is continuous bleeding from the rectum.
You have a change in bowel habits that lasts more than a week.
You have a family history of colorectal cancer or other serious conditions.

K. Myths and Facts About Piles

There are several myths surrounding piles that can lead to confusion and unnecessary fear. Here are some common myths, along with the facts:
Myth 1: Only Older People Get Piles

Fact: While age is a risk factor, piles can affect people of all ages, especially those with poor dietary habits or chronic constipation.
Myth 2: Sitting on cold surfaces causes piles

Fact: Piles are caused by increased pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus, not by sitting on cold surfaces.
Myth 3: Surgery Is the Only Option

Fact: Surgery is typically only required for severe cases of piles. Most cases can be treated with lifestyle changes and conservative treatments.

L. Conclusion

Piles can be an uncomfortable and sometimes painful condition, but with the right management and care, it’s possible to lead a normal and healthy life. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for piles, you can take proactive steps to manage the condition and reduce your risk of future flare-ups. Always remember that open communication with a healthcare professional is key to receiving the best care possible for your condition.

With proper attention to your diet, lifestyle, and bathroom habits, you can manage your symptoms, prevent complications, and live your life without significant disruption from piles.